Subtherapeutic levels of cefuroxime inside a cannulated pedicle screw used in spine surgery: results from a porcine microdialysis study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2340/17453674.2022.5276Keywords:
Animal study, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Implants, Lumbar spine surgery, Microdialysis, PharmacokineticsAbstract
Background and purpose: Minimally invasive spine surgery has continuously evolved for specific surgical procedures and patient populations to lower morbidity and the risk of postoperative bacterial infection. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is an important preventive measure and local tissue concentrations can be quantified with microdialysis. Insertion of spinal implants induces tissue trauma and inflammation, which may affect antibiotic proximate implant concentrations. We compared perioperative cefuroxime concentrations inside a cannulated pedicle screw used in minimally invasive spine surgery with the opposite non-instrumented vertebral pedicle.
Materials and methods: Microdialysis catheters were placed inside a cannulated pedicle screw and in the opposite non-instrumented vertebral pedicle of the same vertebra (L1) in 8 female pigs through a posterior lumbar surgical approach. Following a single-dose intravenous cefuroxime administration (1.5 g), dialysates and plasma were dynamically sampled over 8 hours. The primary endpoint was time above the cefuroxime clinical breakpoint minimal inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus of 4 μg/mL (T>MIC4).
Results: Median T>MIC4 was 0 h (range 0–0) inside the cannulated pedicle screw, 1.6 h (range 1.1–2.4) in non-instrumented vertebral pedicle, and 1.9 h (range 1.9–2.9) in plasma.
Conclusion: A single-dose intravenous cefuroxime administration provided low and subtherapeutic concentrations for prevention of infection inside a cannulated pedicle screw in the lumbar spine. Therapeutic concentrations were achieved in the opposite non-instrumented vertebral pedicle up to 1.5–2 h. Therefore, additional prophylactic strategies may be considered in cannulated instrumented spine surgery, especially in high-risk patients. Alternative dosing regimens seem relevant in lumbar spine surgery lasting longer than 1.5 h.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Magnus A Hvistendahl, Pelle Hanberg, Maiken Stilling, Alexander Emil Kaspersen, Kristian Høy, Mats Bue
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.